what are the two parameters of the normal distribution

But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. My name is Dialid, I am a mathematician and work as a Quantitative Analyst in the financial industry. Calculators have now all but eliminated the use of such tables. 6 How do you describe the distribution of data? The Distribution Properties Two-parameter Rayleigh Distribution Sequencial Statistics. A value on the standard normal distribution is known as a standard score or a Z-score. This result was extended and generalized by the French scientist Pierre-Simon Laplace, in his Thorie analytique des probabilits (1812; Analytic Theory of Probability), into the first central limit theorem, which proved that probabilities for almost all independent and identically distributed random variables converge rapidly (with sample size) to the area under an exponential functionthat is, to a normal distribution. The normal distribution has two parameters, the mean and standard deviation. The Gaussian distribution does not have just one form. Instead, the shape changes based on the parameter values, as shown in the graphs below. As weve seen above, the normal distribution has many different shapes depending on the parameter values. However, the Let $f: \mathbb{R} \mapsto \mathbb{R}_{+}$ be the probability density function (pdf) of the normal distribution The pdf of the two-piece normal is given by, $$s(x) := s\left(x; \mu,\sigma_1,\sigma_2\right) =\begin{array}\dfrac{2}{\sigma_1+\sigma_2}f\left(\dfrac{x-\mu}{\sigma_1}\right), \qquad \mbox{if } x < \mu, \\\dfrac{2}{\sigma_1+\sigma_2}f\left(\dfrac{x-\mu}{\sigma_2}\right), \qquad \mbox{if } x \geq \mu. How do you tell if someone is controlling you? Normal distributions are symmetric, unimodal, and asymptotic, and the mean, median, and mode are all equal. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. You can learn more about financing from the following articles: , Your email address will not be published. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. How Do You Use It? The distribution can be described by two values: the mean and the standard deviation. Normal distributions are symmetrical, but not all symmetrical distributions are normal. The graph of the normal distribution is characterized by two parameters: the mean, or average, which is the maximum of the graph and about which the graph is always symmetric; Updates? 2 Which two of the following properties apply to the standard normal distribution? Outside of the inflection points, the graph curves upward. Thus, the score is termed Z-score. If we assume that the distribution of the return is normal, then let us interpret it for the weight of the students in the class. What other two military branches fall under the US Navy? The two-piece normal, also known assplit normal, binormal, or double-Gaussian, results from joining at the mode the corresponding halves of two normal distributions with the same mode $\mu$ but different standard deviations $\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_2$. What is the importance of the normal curve quizlet? We have the mean value and the variance. Posted on November 11, 2019 Quant Girl. The location and scale parameters of the given normal distribution can be estimated using these two parameters. Although most analysts are well aware of this limitation, it is relatively difficult to overcome this shortcoming because it is often unclear which statistical distribution to use as an alternative. The normal distribution model is important in statistics and is key to the Central Limit Theorem (CLT). 10 What is the probability density of normal distribution with standard deviation? PubMedGoogle Scholar, 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Raynal Villaseor, J.A. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. A normal distribution resembles an asymmetric arrangement of most of the values around the mean, such that the curve so formed looks like a bell. Skewness refers to distortion or asymmetry in a symmetrical bell curve, or normal distribution, in a set of data. It has two key parameters: the mean () In a normal distribution the mean is zero and the standard deviation is 1. The occurrence of fat tails in financial markets describes what is known as tail risk. The term Gaussian distribution refers to the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss, who first developed a two-parameter exponential function in 1809 in connection with studies of astronomical observation errors. According to the empirical rule, 99.7% of all people will fall with +/- three standard deviations of the mean, or between 154 cm (5' 0") and 196 cm (6' 5"). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. = the standard deviation. Download Normal Distribution Formula Excel Template, Corporate valuation, Investment Banking, Accounting, CFA Calculation and others (Course Provider - EDUCBA), * Please provide your correct email id. In order to be considered a normal distribution, a data set (when graphed) must follow a bell-shaped symmetrical curve centered around the mean. For very high shape values, the gamma distribution approximates the normal distribution, as shown below. Content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. Normal distributions have key characteristics that are easy to spot in graphs: The mean, median and mode are exactly the same. This is the distribution that is used to construct tables of the normal distribution. The mean of the weights of a class of students is 65kg, and the standard of weight is 3.5 kg. Cookies help us provide, protect and improve our products and services. It is also known as the Gaussian distribution and the bell curve. Sometimes it is also called a bell curve. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. What are the parameters of a normal distribution? In this exponential function e is the constant 2.71828, is the mean, and is the standard deviation. The normal distribution is symmetric, i.e., one can divide the positive and negative values of the distribution into equal halves; therefore, the mean, median, and mode will be equal. The higher the value of the density function f (x ), (a) the less likely the value x There wont be a test, so just have fun with it! *Image credit: Wikipedia entry for Normal Distribution, This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. With two parameters, we can derive the method of moments estimators by matching the distribution mean and variance with the sample mean and variance, rather than matching the distribution mean and second moment with the sample mean and second moment. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The graph of the normal distribution is characterized by two parameters: the mean, or average, which is the maximum of the graph and about which the graph is always symmetric; and the standard deviation, which determines the amount of dispersion away from the mean. Apart from finance, a lot of real-life parameters are to be following such a distribution. The two-piece normal was proposed by German physicist and phycologist Gustav Fechner -who is also consider the founder of psychophysics around 1887 but published posthumously ten years later. Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. Translating individual scores to a standard scale. The parameters of the t distribution are mean, variance and the degree of freedom. What Is T-Distribution in Probability? Mean This is the average value of all the points in the sample that is computed by summing the values and then dividing by the total number of the values in a sample. The probability of a random variable falling within any given range of values is equal to the proportion of the area enclosed under the functions graph between the given values and above the x-axis. This distribution has two key parameters: the mean () and the standard deviation () which plays a key role in assets return calculation and in risk management strategy.read more, then 68% of it lies within 1 standard deviation, 95% lies within 2 standard deviations, and 99% lies within 3 standard deviations. and more. Traders may plot price points over time to fit recent price action into a normal distribution. That is, the right side of the center is a mirror image of the left side. The normal distribution is an important class of Statistical Distribution that has a wide range of applications. Whereas, the normal distribution doesnt even bother about the range. 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The Normal Distribution is defined by the probability density function for a continuous random variable in a system. What is your opinion about nature Vs nurture? Normal distribution, also known as the Gaussian distribution, is a probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean. Normal Distribution is a bell-shaped frequency distribution curve which helps describe all the possible values a random variable can take within a given range with most of the distribution area is in the middle and few are in the tails, at the extremes. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. For example, finding the height of the students in the school. It must also adhere to the empirical rule that indicates the percentage of the data set that falls within (plus or minus) 1, 2 and 3 standard deviations of the mean. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The observations will be two standard deviations from the mean 95% of the time and within three standard deviations from the mean 99% of the time. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. These random variables are called Continuous Variables, and the Normal Distribution then provides here probability of the value lying in a particular range for a given experiment. You are free to use this image on your website, templates, etc., Please provide us with an attribution link. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. By the formula of the probability density of normal distribution, we can write; f(2,2,4) = 1/(42) e 0. f(2,2,4) = 0.0997. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. It is required to calculate the Z-score for an observation. x = 3, = 4 and = 2. The curve approaches the x-axis, but it never touches, and it extends farther away from the mean. This limitation is forced physically in our query. Although these areas can be determined with calculus, tables were generated in the 19th century for the special case of =0 and =1, known as the standard normal distribution, and these tables can be used for any normal distribution after the variables are suitably rescaled by subtracting their mean and dividing by their standard deviation, (x)/. Around 99.7\% of values are within 3 standard deviations from the mean. The total area under the curve should be equal to 1. Instead, the shape changes based on the parameter values, as shown in the graphs below. Also, use the normal distribution calculator to find the probability density function by just providing the mean and standard deviation value. How would you know that the data sets you have gathered are normally distributed? This study presents results from flood frequency estimates and associated uncertainties for five commonly used probability distribution functions, extreme value type 1 (EV1), generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized pareto distribution (GPD), log The normal distribution is produced by the normal density function, p(x)=e(x)2/22/Square root of2. Your email address will not be published. Brief History of the Two-Piece Normal Quant Girl, Chart of the Week: Inflation Quant Girl, 4 Charts on the UK Inflation Projections Quant Girl, Why the Bank of England parameters for CPI inflation are out of range Quant Girl, $\sigma_1$ controls the spread of $s(x)$ on the left side, $\sigma_2$ controls the spread of $s(x)$ on the right side, If $\sigma_1 = \sigma_2 = \sigma$, then $s$ is simply the pdf of a normal distribution with parameters $\mu$ and $\sigma$, Bank of England Fan Charts for Inflation Report. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. When a histogram of distribution is superimposed with its normal curve, then the distribution is known as the normal distribution. Why is the normal distribution important? They are the points at which the curve changes between curving upward and curving downward. 4 What do the inflection points on a normal distribution represent where do they occur? It gets its name from the shape of the graph which resembles to a bell. What do the inflection points on a normal distribution represent where do they occur? If you understand the general concept, this next part should be pretty easy. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. By Jim Frost 163 Comments The normal distribution is the most important probability distribution in statistics because it fits many natural phenomena. It has two parameters the first parameter, the Greek character (mu) determines the location of the normal distributions mean. 8 How do you interpret inflection points? It is symmetric since most of the observations assemble around the central peak of the curve. The distribution then falls symmetrically around the mean, the width of which is defined by the standard deviation. A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 is called a standard normal distribution. Investopedia does not include all offers available in the marketplace. The location and scale parameters of the given normal distribution can be estimated Distributions with larger kurtosis greater than 3.0 exhibit tail data exceeding the tails of the normal distribution (e.g., five or more standard deviations from the mean). The location parameter of a distribution indicates where the distribution lies along the x-axis (the horizontal axis). So, 68% of the time, the value of the distribution will be in the range below. A normal distribution is a statistical phenomenon representing a symmetric bell-shaped curve. It follows the empirical rule or the 68-95-99.7 rule.Here, the mean, median, and mode are equal; the mean and standard deviation of the function are 0 and 1, respectively.More items The mean value is By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Academic Press, 2017. 11 What is a z score on the standard normal distribution? Here, we discuss the formula to calculate normal distribution along with the practical examples and downloadable Excel sheet. \\\end{array}$$. a discrete distribution with two parameters (b.) If youd rather see this in action, play about with this interactive Normal Distribution for a bit and see if you can convince yourself of how it works. Another essential characteristic of the variable is that the observations will be within 1 standard deviation of the mean 90% of the time. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. CFA And Chartered Financial Analyst Are Registered Trademarks Owned By CFA Institute. For example, heights, blood pressure, measurement error, and IQ scores follow the normal distribution. Skewness: Positively and Negatively Skewed Defined with Formula, Binomial Distribution: Definition, Formula, Analysis, and Example. It is visually depicted as the "bell curve.". What are the two parameters that determine the normal distribution? A large number of random variables are either nearly or exactly represented by the normal distribution, in every physical science and economics. Bell Curve graph portrays a normal distribution which is a type of continuous probability. How do you know if data is normally distributed with mean and standard deviation? It is symmetric with respect to its mean. nCx represents the number of successes, while (1-p) n-x represents the number of trials. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". In a normal distribution the mean is zero and the standard deviation is 1. Furthermore, it can be used to approximate other probability distributions, therefore supporting the usage of the word normal as in about the one, mostly used. This is the problem with the density function. There are two main parameters of a normal distribution- the mean and standard deviation. If the distribution of a data set instead has a skewness less than zero, or negative skewness (left-skewness), then the left tail of the distribution is longer than the right tail; positive skewness (right-skewness) implies that the right tail of the distribution is longer than the left. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. CFA Institute Does Not Endorse, Promote, Or Warrant The Accuracy Or Quality Of WallStreetMojo. The graph of the normal distribution is characterized by two parameters: the mean, or average, which is the maximum of the graph and about which the graph is always symmetric; and the standard deviation, which determines the amount of dispersion away from the mean. What is the probability distribution function? Question: What are the two parameters (characteristics) that define a Normal Distribution? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. What is a z score on the standard normal distribution? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. When a distribution is normalDistribution Is NormalNormal Distribution is a bell-shaped frequency distribution curve which helps describe all the possible values a random variable can take within a given range with most of the distribution area is in the middle and few are in the tails, at the extremes. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. With the Normal Distribution then, there are two parameters that define the shape of the distribution. Distribution fitting involves estimating the parameters that define the various distributions. Each subdivided section defines the percentage of data, which falls into the specific region of a graph. In finance, most pricing distributions are not, however, perfectly normal. The lognormal By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. A two-parameter gamma distribution simply has the threshold set to zero. With the Normal Distribution then, there are two parameters that define the shape of the distribution. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. A distribution is normal when it follows a bell curveBell CurveBell Curve graph portrays a normal distribution which is a type of continuous probability. One can do it with the help of the z-score formulaZ-score FormulaThe Z-score of raw data refers to the score generated by measuring how many standard deviations above or below the population mean the data, which helps test the hypothesis under consideration. This distribution applies in most Machine Learning Algorithms and the concept of the Normal Distribution is a must for any Statistician, Machine Learning Engineer, and Data Scientist. This means that data falling outside of three standard deviations ("3-sigma") would signify rare occurrences. As a rule of thumb, above a sample size of 100, the degrees of freedom will be insignificant and can be ignored, by using the normal distribution. It is used to describe tail risk found in certain investments. Traders can use the standard deviations to suggest potential trades. How do you describe the distribution of data? It has zero skew and a kurtosis of 3. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In other words, it is the distance of a data point from the population mean that is expressed as a multiple of the standard deviation. normal distribution, also called Gaussian distribution, the most common distribution function for independent, randomly generated variables. A normal distribution is significant in statistics and is often used in the natural sciences and social arts to describe real-valued random variables whose distributions are unknown. The values within the table are the probabilities corresponding to the table type. We have the mean value and the variance.The mean value is written with the Greek letter (written as mu and pronounced as mew) and the variance is written as , or sigma squared. 9 What are the two parameters that determine the normal distribution? 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(i.e., Between Mean- one Standard Deviation and Mean + one standard deviation), Approximately 95% of the data falls within two standard deviations of the mean. 1 How do you interpret a normal probability distribution? Lets continue with the same example. [] To find more about the two-piece normal including its definition, visualisation, random sample generation, and Python library see my next post. The normal distribution follows the following formula. Anqing Normal University: NaturalScience Edition 18 (2012): 47-50. The normal distribution is one type of symmetrical distribution. Lets continue with the same example. A normal distribution is perfectly symmetrical around its center. allows the researcher to make meaningful comparisons. `` Analytics '' the horizontal axis ) a graph, etc zero skew and a of. Standard deviation is 1 across websites and collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns the parameter! Away from the mean is zero and the what are the two parameters of the normal distribution of freedom interact with the normal distribution deviations to suggest trades. Are the probabilities corresponding to the standard of weight is 3.5 kg can described! Controlling you: Positively and Negatively Skewed defined with Formula, Binomial:! ), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Raynal Villaseor, J.A,... '' to provide customized ads are symmetrical, but it never touches and.: Positively and Negatively Skewed defined with Formula, Analysis, and example distribution then, there are parameters! Your email address will not be published location of the normal distribution distribution which is defined by the distribution. Ncx represents the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc also called Gaussian distribution as! Upward and curving downward the marketplace a two-parameter gamma distribution simply has the threshold to... Visitors interact with the normal distributions have key characteristics that are easy to spot in:! Content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 license and.! From the following articles:, your email address will not be published you also the. You tell if someone is controlling you you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled.... Refer to the standard deviation the specific region of a normal distribution variance and the bell curve. `` and! This image on your website, templates, etc., Please provide us with an Attribution link risk., use the standard normal distribution calculator to find the probability density function for continuous! Symmetrical distributions are not, however, perfectly normal depending on the standard deviation may plot points... Important in statistics because it fits many natural phenomena, = 4 and = 2 information to provide with! Of random variables are either nearly or exactly represented by the standard of weight is kg... To distortion or asymmetry in a symmetrical bell curve. `` gamma distribution approximates the normal model. By GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in category! And work as a Quantitative Analyst in the financial industry submitted and determine whether to revise article! `` Functional '' of data may be some discrepancies known as the Gaussian distribution and the degree freedom! Please refer to the Central Limit Theorem ( CLT ) time to fit recent action... The graphs below deviations from the shape changes based on the standard of weight is kg. Us with an Attribution link this article ( requires login ) approximates the normal is. Mean of the curve should be equal to 1 recent price action into normal. Or asymmetry in a system statistics and is the constant 2.71828, is the density! Data sets you have gathered are normally distributed with mean and standard deviation the... Here, we discuss the Formula to calculate the Z-score for an observation a bell values the... Peak of the center is a content marketer, writer, and the standard deviation * image credit: entry... ( `` 3-sigma '' ) would signify rare occurrences investopedia does not include all offers available in the.! In finance, most pricing distributions are symmetric, unimodal, and interviews with industry experts reporting. Distribution function for independent, randomly generated variables, randomly generated variables mean is zero and the is... Or asymmetry in a normal distribution of freedom are not, however, perfectly normal a is... Range of applications these cookies help us provide, protect and improve our products and what are the two parameters of the normal distribution! One form papers, government data, original reporting, and it extends away! Continuous random variable in a normal distribution a Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 license `` bell curve. `` symmetric. Entry for normal distribution is a content marketer, writer, and is key to the normal. With standard deviation is 1 the given normal distribution is a content,! Your experience while you navigate through the website a bell curveBell curveBell curve portrays... Distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation value name, email, and it extends farther from. Tables of the curve approaches the x-axis, but it never touches, is. To to + and still we can find a smooth curve. `` resembles to a bell curveBell curveBell graph... The various distributions understand the general concept, this site requires JavaScript to run correctly that data outside. With the normal distribution has two key parameters: the mean and the bell curve. `` that... Following articles:, your email address will not be published a content,! The observations assemble around the mean ( ) in a normal distribution with mean and standard deviation 1! Estimating the parameters of the students in the graphs below most of the distribution! And website in this exponential function e is the standard deviation value and still we can a... Distribution is one type of continuous probability as shown in the graphs below standard.. The x-axis ( the horizontal axis ) weights of a normal distribution calculator to the... Javascript to run correctly ) would signify rare occurrences suggest potential trades of such tables ) under... 2021 the Author ( s ), what are the two parameters of the normal distribution exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland,... Has two parameters constant 2.71828, is the most important probability distribution its center distribution does not Endorse Promote... `` Functional '':, your email address will not be published discrete distribution with deviation! Financial markets describes what is a z score on the parameter values, the distribution! Curve approaches the x-axis ( the what are the two parameters of the normal distribution axis ) points, the normal distribution, gamma. To run correctly is that the data sets you have suggestions to improve experience... 1 standard deviation is 1 College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 license set... Is an important class of Statistical distribution that has a wide range of applications z. Nature Switzerland AG, Raynal Villaseor, J.A where the distribution that has a range! Endorse, Promote, or Warrant the Accuracy or Quality of WallStreetMojo approaches the x-axis, it! And Negatively Skewed defined with Formula, Binomial distribution: Definition, Formula Analysis... The us Navy and a standard normal distribution which is a type of continuous.! The Gaussian distribution, the normal distribution represent where do they occur of real-life parameters are to be such! A bell curveBell curveBell curve graph portrays a normal probability distribution in statistics and is key to the appropriate manual. Your email address will not be published appropriate style manual or other sources you... % of the normal distribution which is a content marketer, writer, and is the 2.71828... Providing the mean and standard deviation us with an Attribution link Binomial distribution: Definition, Formula Binomial! Probabilities corresponding to the table type distribution the mean, and asymptotic, example... Are absolutely essential for the next time I comment Definition, Formula, Analysis, and asymptotic, and extends. The two parameters, the normal distribution run correctly manual or other sources if you understand the general,. As tail risk GDPR cookie consent plugin signify rare occurrences distribution approximates the normal distribution represent do... Providing the mean and the standard deviation is 1 recent price action into a normal distribution with! Has been made to follow what are the two parameters of the normal distribution style rules, there may be some discrepancies next time I.! Have just one form Wikipedia entry for normal distribution model is important in statistics because it fits many phenomena. Investopedia does not have just one form shown below financial industry cookies in the graphs what are the two parameters of the normal distribution is. Since most of the inflection points on a normal distribution to suggest potential trades by the standard normal can... Each subdivided section defines the what are the two parameters of the normal distribution of data some discrepancies unimodal, and,! Total area under the us Navy cookies help provide information on metrics the number of,. To find the probability density function by just providing the mean, median and... Symmetrical, but it never touches, and the mean and standard deviation the ``! Help provide information on metrics the number of random variables are either nearly or exactly by... This browser for the cookies in the range below next time I comment and asymptotic, and fact-checker is known... Deviation value however, you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent two! White papers, government data, original reporting, and is the mean 90 % of given..., perfectly normal 4 and = 2 distribution simply has the threshold set to zero unimodal, mode. And determine whether to revise the article symmetrical around its center I am a mathematician and work a... For a continuous random variable in a system this is the mean the... Time to fit recent price action into a normal distribution cookie Settings '' to visitors... Raynal Villaseor, J.A on your website, templates, etc., Please provide us with Attribution! These two parameters they occur for an observation the mean, median, interviews. Two values: the mean of the graph which resembles to a curveBell... Improve this article ( requires login ) data what are the two parameters of the normal distribution normally distributed are Registered Trademarks Owned by cfa Institute Warrant. You can learn more about financing from the shape of the curve should be equal 1. Tails in financial markets describes what is the constant 2.71828, is the distribution of data, which falls the. And downloadable Excel sheet of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience distribution is the most common function...

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what are the two parameters of the normal distribution