)119.354 (2019 est. In 2017 the ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations reiterated that the lengthy registration process seriously impedes the establishment of new unions. This table shows the resulting subdivision of Algeria. Physical Conditions: There were no major concerns regarding physical conditions in the countrys 48 prisons and detention centers. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women reported that it ran 238 centers throughout the country that provided support for persons with intellectual, auditory, vision, and physical disabilitiesdown from 242 the previous year. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. Unlicensed NGOs remained active, but rarely received government assistance, and citizens at times hesitated to associate with these organizations. According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. which in turn were subdivided into communes. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. equivalence between arrondissements and subdivisions. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. The law limits the grounds for pretrial detention and stipulates that before it can be imposed, a judge must assess the gravity of a crime and whether the accused is a threat to society or a flight risk. The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. According to the NGO Reporters without Borders, private advertising existed but frequently came from businesses with close links to the ruling political party. There were isolated reports that children were subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. [2] Masson, Jean-Louis. President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use. Human rights activists and attorneys, however, asserted that some detainees were held without access to lawyers. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons, a. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. Judges rarely refused prosecutorial requests to extend pretrial detention. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. Abdelkader Kouafi, the National Autonomous Union of Sonelgaz Gas and Electricity Workers secretary-general, and Slimane Benzine, president of the National Federation of Internal Security Workers, were sentenced to imprisonment and fines for objecting to poor conditions of work and to the sexual harassment of women workers. The countrys Jewish population numbered fewer than 200 persons. Laws prohibiting parental abduction do not penalize mothers and fathers differently, and the punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty. The government said that a drop in aid from international donors led to worsening conditions for Sahrawi refugees, and that it had increased its own contributions as a result. In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activist. The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. A January 2017 decree by the prime minister clarified the process for the Ministry of Cultures review of imported books, both in print and electronic form. Usually this division happens for administrative reasons but the bases on which a country can be divided into states are myriad. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, The constitution provides for the protection of a persons honor and private life, including the privacy of home, communication, and correspondence. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s. the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in John Paxton, ed. According to UNHCR, the government did not accept UNHCR-determined refugee status for individuals. In 2016 the government created a High Independent Election Monitoring Body, charged with monitoring elections and investigating allegations of irregularities. On May 14, local authorities prohibited a gathering by novelist Hiba Tayda in Tizi Ouzou. The Ministry of Justice did not provide information on the percentage of defamation claims that originated from private citizens, as opposed to government officials. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. The law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the candidates on their electoral lists are women. further divided into subdivisions, which in turn were divided into cercles (circles). In September 2017 Algerian National Front party leader Moussa Touati stated that his party paid bribes in order to secure its single seat in parliament. For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. The law imposes an additional requirement that associations obtain government preapproval before accepting foreign funds. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. Rape and Domestic Violence: The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape. The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. Half of the lunch hour is considered compensated working time. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. LGBTI persons faced discrimination in accessing health services. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. [4] The American Oxford Atlas. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. The Sahrawi refugees had not sought local integration or naturalization during their 40-year stay in the refugee camps near Tindouf, and the Polisario Front continued to call for a referendum on independence in Western Sahara. Thousands of Algerian peasants - mainly Berber men from the Kabylia region - faced with land dispossession and economic hardship under French rule migrated temporarily to France to work in manufacturing and mining during the first half of the 20th century. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algerias foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum. See the Department of StatesAnnual Report on International Parental Child Abductionathttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. 1957-07-01: New department codes assigned to the thirteen departments. It reported the discovery of four minorsdown from 12 the year before. Also note that diacritical marks may be different, depending on the method of transliteration used. The NGOs reported harassment and threats of imprisonment by government authorities. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions. NGOs reported that irregular migrants sometimes worked in forced labor and that their lack of work permits made them more vulnerable to exploitation. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. jurisdiction of an igame, which is an acronym for, 1957-01-10: The four territories joined a union called. [9] Encyclopdia Britannica World Atlas, 1957 edition. )proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est. A variety of domestic human rights groups operated with varying degrees of government restriction and cooperation. To found a union, an applicant must be Algerian by birth or have held Algerian nationality for 10 years. The departments were subdivided If domestic violence results in death, a judge can prescribe a life sentence. )hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. Chitour has been detained in El Harrach prison since then without trial and faces life imprisonment if convicted. The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment, salary, and work environment based on age, gender, social and marital status, family links, political conviction, disability, national origin and affiliation with a union. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Advocacy groups reported that children with disabilities rarely attended school past the secondary level. Lawyers reported that authorities usually carried out procedures for warrants and summonses properly. 1902, because of border adjustments in desert areas. ), $5.574 billion (2019 est. The Ministry of Justice said cell sizes exceeded international standards set by the United Nations Nelson Mandela Rules. He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. Religious texts distributed without authorization may be seized and destroyed. Several opposition political parties claimed voter turnout figures were inflated and that the results were fraudulent. In addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement. Algeria's fertility rate experienced an unexpected upturn in the early 2000s, as the average woman's age at first marriage dropped slightly. List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities, although the government did not always effectively enforce these provisions. When Algeria was under French administration, the official division names were in French. Child Abuse: Child abuse was illegal but was a serious problem. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. Amnesty International alleged that authorities sometimes detained individuals on security-related charges for longer than the 12-day prescribed period. The Information and Documentation Center on the Rights of Children and Women, a network of local organizations that promoted the rights of women, managed call centers in 15 provinces. LGBTI status is not, in itself, criminalized; however, LGBTI persons may face criminal prosecution under legal provisions concerning prostitution, public indecency, and associating with bad characters. Status of Government Respect for Religious Other migrants, asylum seekers, and Malians and Syrians who had a special status with the government, relied largely on remittances from family, the support of local family and acquaintances, and assistance from the Algerian Red Crescent and international aid organizations. ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. Citing the threat of terrorism, the government also prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities of Tamanrasset, Djanet, and Illizi. )10.51% (2019 est. Under the law, the government may conduct electronic surveillance to prevent terrorist or subversive acts and infractions against state security, pursuant to written authorization from a competent judicial authority. The law criminalizing speech about security force conduct during the internal conflict of the 1990s remained in place, although the government said there had never been an arrest or prosecution under the law. According to the Ministry of Justice, approximately 12 percent of the prison population was in pretrial detention. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. )expenditures: 70.2 billion (2017 est. translate the Arabic "baladiyah," but they're essentially the same thing.). WebThe province of Blida is located in the north of Algeria. Nationwide, the government required citizens and organizations to obtain permits from the national government-appointed local governor before holding public meetings or demonstrations. The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. If organizations fail to provide required information to the government or attempt to operate with or accept foreign funds without authorization, they are subject to fines between DZD 2,000 and DZD 5,000 ($17 and $43) and up to six months imprisonment. Declining oil prices have also reduced the governments ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. The law does not place significant restrictions on voter registration, but implementation of voter registration and identification laws proved inconsistent and confusing during past elections. ), 2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est. Overuse of pretrial detention remained a problem. ), production: 87,853,976,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Other refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants had access to free public hospitals, but independent NGOs reported instances of migrants turned away. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. Penalties for unlawful work stoppages range from eight days to two months imprisonment. The Ministry of Interior may deny a license to or dissolve any group regarded as a threat to the governments authority or to public order, and on several occasions failed to grant, in an expeditious fashion, official recognition to NGOs, associations, religious groups, and political parties. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. ), 151.633 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. Libel/Slander Laws: NGOs and observers criticized the law on defamation as vaguely drafted and said the definitions in the law failed to comport with internationally recognized norms. International Child Abductions: The country is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. 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